CRIME SCENE TECHNOLOGIES

all the information on forensic science at one place and for free for those of you who are into criminal justice activities. avadhanam sharada,APPA, HYDERABAD: contact:voruganty_vvs@yahoo.co.in

3 Rs  of CRIME SCENE MANAGEMENT

•Recognizing

•Recording

•Reconstruction

New tech and application in FS

•Decrease of analysis cost by 98%

•Decrease of time needed for analysis from several hours and days to several minutes

•Production of portable inexpensive systems of analysis, utilizable in the field

•Robust, validated, procedures

•Implementation of automation at different steps esp. labor intensive steps and development of completely novel techniques.

•Use of robotics and ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Presumptive tests

•Chemical spot tests/Color tests

–Popular

•Simple chemical reactions

•Produce visible results that can be interpreted with naked eye

•Reagents are inexpensive, readily available

•Can be performed by persons without extensive training

•Require minimal reagents and materials

•Facilitate on site results useful for investigation

•Helps in rapid identification of suspects

•Provides more timely and efficient analysis

•Are rapid and allow identification of evidence in large quantities of debris

•Commercial kits are available

•Any sample with promise for future analysis in lab for confirmation

RECOGNIZING CRIME SCENE AND PHYSICAL EVIDENCE

•Identification of evidences through presumptive chemical spot tests/ color tests

–Involve the reaction of a sample with a  reagent /s, to produce color / change in color

–Results are indicative value, cannot be regarded as absolute identification

–Impression evidence

•Finger prints

•Foot prints,

•Tire marks, skid marks

•Bite marks

–Biological / physiological stains

•Blood

•Saliva

•Semen

–Explosive – fire and arson

•pre blast explosive screening detection

•Post blast explosive residue identification

–GSR IDENTIFICATION

–Hydro carbon detection in accelerants in fire and arson cases

–

•BLOOD HAEMATIX TEST KIT

•SEMEN

•SALIVA

•LUMINOL TEST FOR BLOOD

Field instruments

•Rugged

•Portable

•Simple

•Permit preliminary testing at the scene

•On demand field devices

•Greater throughput

•Lab on chip

–Micro fluidics

•These devices offer great promise for transport

Field DNA testing

•Rapid DNA tech

–Miniaturisation

–Fully automated

–Capable of producing full DNA profile within 90 minutes

–“Swab in result out”

–Use by non scientists

–Compatible most types of swabs

–Compatible with DNA database search

–Decision making within two hours

–Micro chip allows production of

•Portable

•Disposable chips

•Integrate sampling handling extraction amplification separation in a single micro chip

•Reduction in analysis time

Rapid HIT 200 intelligence

Alternate light sources technology

•High intensity light sources

•Forensic light sources

–Revolutionize the photography of special evidences

–Equipped with color filters

–Flexible light guides

–Lamps direct brilliant narrow beam at the subject

–Filters allow detection of different evidences

•UV makes stains and some finger prints glow

•Violet makes GSR and blood more visible

•Blue and green light used with enhanced finger prints

•They show up fiber, urine and semen

•ALT CRIME LIGHT video

Live scan tech

•Police investigation

–More rapid

–Dynamic, fast paced

–Tech allows quick response feasible

•Live scan

•FP electronically in custody office

•Lab in van / mobile lab – direct forensic interface with crime scene operations

•Remote and mobile tech- digital tech

–FPB imaging units , FSL no longer located nearby.

•Automation of fingerprint tech – wireless transfer of mark images from crime scene will become standard

–Rapid turnaround of identification

•XCAT detection of narcotics explosives GSR

XCAT

•sampling for trace explosives

•narcotics either trace or visible , pills or liquids

•A hand held detection system

•Features one step detection of narcotics , explosives,  GSR

•All three detections in a single platform

•No interpretation, no color charts, no spraying, no chemical exposure

•Rugged for field use

•Detection library expandable

•Rechargeable LI ion battery

•Optical detection

•Time to analyze few seconds to few minutes

•Consumable sampling cards

•Operating tem range =  0 to 49 degree centigrade

•Light weight

•Battery life seven hours continuous use

Fuel sniffer

•Fuel sniffer

•Explosives, arson fire investigation

•Hydrocarbon vapor detectors

•They draw in air and feed the samples to the hydrogen flame

•A hotter flame indicates the presence of an accelerant

Robotics for Arson investigation

•Robots and autonomous vehicles can be used in explosions mass disasters, suspected holdups by terrorists to search for identify and report back  about the nature threat level tools required and skills required for tackling an ongoing crime situation,

Tech advances in measurement

•Computer aided drafting and design = CAD

•Global positioning system units = GPS

•Geographic information system = GIS

•Total station surveying system = TSSS

•Laser scanner units

–Provide precise electronic distance measurements and are essential to map a large scale event.

–CAD adopted for CS and death investigation to produce ‘ to scale ‘ plans and create 3D models of the scenes

–It integrates photos and video

–Helps judiciary with total multimedia projection and reconstruction in the court room

GPS

•Utilize various navigational satellite systems in orbit around the planet

•Provide location, directional and tracking information

•Requires antenna lines

•Info can be transferred to sketches , site plan

•GIS SYSTEMS AND DATABASES

•To collect build create and inventory plans

•It can analyze, maps, plans and other info databases which can be shared with multiple responders

•TSS UNITS

–Fully automated surveying systems

–Combine power of computer with automated transit laser surveying info

–Documentation notes to be entered into the unit

–Datum point be located and fixed

–Develops highly accurate surveys,

–

Reconstruction

•FARO Laser scanner applications

•Crime scene investigation and analysis

•Bullet path reconstruction

•Crash investigation and analysis

•Benefits

–Time saving

–Simple

–Complete recording of the current condition of the surveyed material

–Realtime , digital 3D data capture

–Analysis of material in real time

–Volume, structures, and topography

–Precise positioning due to integrated  GPS

–Scan web share on cloud for simple and secure online sharing of scan data via the internet.

•Reconstructing the crash with PC CRASH

•Determine the driver intentions

•Their responsibility for a fatal crash

•Through recreation

•With time of sight and reaction time established

•Packages model crashes eg. PC CRASH

•Operator enters info about the crash scene, after the incident such as resting position of the vehicle, their mass the type, the length and residue of tire marks on the road, the software then works backwards using algorithms to estimate the speeds and directions of all involved before impact. The final result is a animation of the crash which the jury can watch at the trial.

Data bases

•Finger print- live scanners, AFIS

•DNA- DNA DB - CDFD

•Ballistics – national integrated ballistics information networking

–Expended bullet and cartridge cases possess unique signatures that can be captured and stored digitally in a nation wide computer database.

•Drugs – for identifying drug sources and trafficking routes based on drug characterization and impurity profiling

–Monitor common methods used for drug manufacture to arrive at point of origin

Preventive/ proactive forensics

•Big data analytics can be used to analyze 20 to 50 year area wise crime statistics for crime mapping of police station wise or road level maps with color codes for propensity of crimes of particualr type happening.

•Can be used to plan deployment of scarce law enforcement resources

•Can also be used for feeding MO of terrorists and its sub groups, naxals, national and international crime syndicates, and link suspected singular crimes to the above groups based on MO.

•Other specificity and singularity of the commission of crime.

Big data analytics – crime mapping

Cloud storage

•FORENSICS AS A SERVICE can be made available at the point of scene of crime by using cloud tech

–What is attempted by CP of Hyderabad for information consultancy cell which functions 24x7x365 which can be converted into a cloud based system and accessed by the IO through a tablet or smart phone at point of crime

Artificial intelligence and machine learning

•Can be used to create a knowledge super pool like the one by Infosys in the name of MANA – Where all the details of all the crimes and their investigation throughout the country are loaded on to a centralized knowledge data base autonomously which categorizes stores, analyses, and makes relevant up to the second information available to the authorized users and works without human intervention.

AI

Clues teams

•Novel forensic service on wheels

•Headed by a scientist

•Efficient trained team work

•Daily data updating  the IO

•FULLY EQUIPPED WITH LATEST GADGETS

•All facilities provided for communication , transport, dispersal of info provided

•Useful in giving leads for investigation

•Useful in all 3Rs of crime scene management

Admissibility of field tests and new tech in courts

•Daubert & FRYE criteria – judge as a gate keeper

•Testable, tested using sound research methodology,

•Findings support the field claim about expertise

•Demonstrated to be valid

•Dependable

•Speak the percentage of error- statistic compliant.

HIGH TECH CRIME SCENE WITH LEICA SCANNER

HOW BIG DATA CAN BE USED TO PREDICT AND SOLVE CRIME

PREDICTIVE POLICING SOFTWARE WORKINGS

HOW TO : BOOTIE BOX:

HOW TO USE PETROSENSE PHA 100

HOW TO: UV KEY CHAIN

HUMAN BLOOD TESTING 

I-DETECTOR

INK-LESS FINGERPRINTING KIT

INVISIBLE INK SPY PEN

LDS REMOTE STAND-OFF EXPLOSIVE DETECTOR

MOBILE PHONE BLOCKING BAG

PC HACK KEY LOGGER

PEDESTRIAN AUTOMOBILE CRASH RECONSTRUCTION

PERCEPTUAL MOTION SENSOR

PHOTOGRAMMETRY WITH UAV

PRINT LIFT

PRIVATE INVESTIGATOR SEE THROUGH SPRAY

PROCESS A CAR FOR FINGERPRINTS IN MINUTES

SCIENCE BEHIND NEWS OF PREDICTIVE POLICING

SPRAY AND LIFT

SPY CAMERA

STAND OFF HYPER SPECIAL IMAGING OF EXPLOSIVES

SUAS PHOTOGRAMMETRY

SUPERSEDED XCAT APPARATUS

FRAUD ANALYSIS

TGA DIGITAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY

THE I-DETECTOR

THE KASTLE MAYOR BLOOD TEST 

TYRE IMPRESSION KIT

TOP FIVE ANTI THEFT TECHNOLOGIES

TOUCH SIGNATURE INK PAD

TRAFFIC CAR ACCIDENT RECONSTRUCTION

TRAXTONE AND SHOE IMPRESSION KIT

USING DNA TO CREATE A SUSPECT MUGSHOT

USING FLUORESCENT LIGHT TO FIND EVIDENCE

USING MIKROSIL TO LIFT PRINTS

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